FROG DISSECTION

MODULE BIOLOGY

BIOLOGY'S MODULE COMPILATION

Roger...roger

Students of 2012..

Please make yourself free during March.You will face a challenge in a project called " A Dissection Of Frog"..get ready!!!

Get To Know Your Heart

Hello...hello my dear Biology students...here i posted some info for u guys.. specifically for the 5 Olympic biologist..

Heart Structure and Function

The heart:

• · is a muscle about the size of your fist.
• · weighs approximately one pound.
• · is located behind and slightly to the left of the breastbone.
• · pumps about 5 quarts (4.7 liters) of blood every minute, or 1800 gallons (6768 liters) of blood every day.

The function of the heart is to circulate blood throughout the body.

• · Pumping blood through the lungs removes carbon dioxide and refreshes the blood with oxygen.
• · The oxygenated blood is pumped to the body to provide oxygen and nutrients and to remove waste products.

A healthy heart beats steadily and rhythmically at a rate of about 60 to 100 beats per minute when at rest (normal sinus rhythm). During strenuous exercise, the heart can increase the amount of blood it pumps up to four times the amount it pumps at rest, within only a matter of

seconds.

The heart’s structure has four chambers with oneway flaps called valves. The atria are the upper chambers and they receive blood that is being returned to the heart. The right atrium receives blood with little oxygen because the blood has already circulated throughout the body delivering oxygen and nutrients. The left atrium fills with newly oxygenated blood returning from the lungs. When the atria pump (contract), they push the blood through valves (tricuspid and mitral) into the relaxed ventricles. When the ventricles contract, the right ventricle pumps blood through the pulmonary valve into the lungs. The left ventricle pumps blood through the aortic valve to the body, including the heart (through coronary arteries). This continuous cycle of synchronized contractions is driven by the heart’s electrical system

Feel free to memorize the structure of heart...Happy revising!!!!!

Study Tips :)

TIPS AND PREDICTIONS FOR BIOLOGY 4551/1/2/3

Remember to pay more attention to the * symbol which signifies this year’s possible berry hot topics. (Not to be mixed up with the symbol used for the ramalan of SPM Chemistry earlier) So do read up on endangered ecosystem, and coordination and response (for paper 2 essay, write them out if you will), nutrition and dynamic ecosystem (for paper 3). (Do also check out notes  to complement your revision materials, so make a bookmark using your Internet browser on the notes section if you want to strike A in SPM Biology)

SPM Biology 2011 – Tips and Predictions for Papers 4551/1, 4551/2 and 4551/3

 This is just guidance for your revision.

BIT Paper 1

All the questions are evenly distributed, so there are not chances for you to skip any chapter. So work hard on these important chapters!

·         Chapter 2 – Cell Structure and Cell Organisation

·         Chapter 3 – Movement of substances across the plasma membrane

·         Chapter 6 – Nutrition

·         Chapter 10 – Transport

·         Chapter 12 – Coordination and responses

·         Chapter 13 – Reproduction and Growth

·         Chapter 14 – Inheritance

Not so important topic with the average 2 questions every year.

·         Chapter 5 – Cell Division

·         Chapter 7 – Respiration

·         Chapter 11 – Support and Locomotion

·         Chapter 15 – Variation

Totally not important

·         Chapter 1 – Introduction to Biology (0 question in every year)